Some Sample Questions for Gate GG with Explanations from Geomorphology section.

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Sample Question 1:

Q: Which of the following is a characteristic feature of an alluvial fan?

A) Steep slopes with high energy

B) Radial pattern of streams

C) Broad, flat surface with low energy

D) Sharp ridges formed by erosion


Explanation: An alluvial fan is a depositional landform formed where a stream or river flows out of a mountain range and spreads onto a flat plain. This is typically formed in a low-energy environment where sediment deposition occurs.

A) Steep slopes with high energy – Alluvial fans usually form at the base of mountains and have moderate slopes.

B) Radial pattern of streams – This is characteristic of a volcano, not an alluvial fan.

C) Broad, flat surface with low energy – This is correct because alluvial fans have a fan-shaped, gently sloping surface with sediment deposition at the base of a mountain range, indicative of a low-energy environment.

D) Sharp ridges formed by erosion – This feature is typical of other landforms like mountains or fault scarps, not alluvial fans.


Correct Answer: C) Broad, flat surface with low energy


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Sample Question 2:

Q: The primary force responsible for the formation of deserts is:

A) Tectonic forces

B) Wind erosion

C) Water erosion

D) Climatic conditions


Explanation: Deserts are primarily formed by climatic conditions that lead to little precipitation and high evaporation. Wind erosion and water erosion do play roles in shaping desert landscapes, but the key factor is the climate.

A) Tectonic forces – While tectonic movements can influence the formation of desert basins (e.g., the formation of the Great Basin in the U.S.), they are not the primary cause of deserts.

B) Wind erosion – Wind erosion is important in shaping desert features, such as dunes and rock formations, but it's not the primary cause of desert formation.

C) Water erosion – While water plays a role in shaping deserts through occasional flash floods and erosion, it's the lack of consistent precipitation that defines deserts.

D) Climatic conditions – Correct. Deserts form in regions where the climate is dry, with very little rainfall, such as the Sahara or the Arabian Desert.


Correct Answer: D) Climatic conditions


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Sample Question 3:

Q: The term 'Pediment' refers to:

A) A low-relief, gently sloping bedrock surface at the base of a mountain range

B) A deep, narrow valley formed by rivers

C) A type of river terrace formed by alluvial deposition

D) A large, flat-topped hill formed by erosion


Explanation: A pediment is a broad, gently sloping surface of bedrock or loose material that extends outward from the base of a mountain range, typically formed by the erosion of softer materials.

A) A low-relief, gently sloping bedrock surface at the base of a mountain range – Correct. Pediments are typically formed by weathering and erosion at the base of mountain ranges.

B) A deep, narrow valley formed by rivers – This is more characteristic of a canyon or gorge.

C) A type of river terrace formed by alluvial deposition – This describes river terraces, not pediments.

D) A large, flat-topped hill formed by erosion – This is characteristic of a mesa, not a pediment.


Correct Answer: A) A low-relief, gently sloping bedrock surface at the base of a mountain range


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Sample Question 4:

Q: The term 'Denudation' refers to:

A) The process of rock formation

B) The wearing away of Earth's surface by natural forces

C) The uplift of landmasses due to tectonic forces

D) The deposition of sediment by glaciers


Explanation: Denudation is the process that involves the wearing away or removal of material from the Earth's surface due to various agents like water, wind, ice, and biological activity. It is a combination of weathering, erosion, and transportation.

A) The process of rock formation – This is related to the formation of rocks, not denudation.

B) The wearing away of Earth's surface by natural forces – Correct. Denudation includes all processes that wear down the Earth's surface, including weathering, erosion, and transport.

C) The uplift of landmasses due to tectonic forces – This describes orogenesis, not denudation.

D) The deposition of sediment by glaciers – This is related to glacial deposition, not denudation.


Correct Answer: B) The wearing away of Earth's surface by natural forces


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Sample Question 5:

Q: Which of the following is a feature typically associated with karst topography?

A) V-shaped valleys

B) Sinkholes and disappearing streams

C) Wide river valleys

D) Glacial moraines


Explanation: Karst topography is characterized by landforms developed from the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone. Common features of karst landscapes include sinkholes, caves, and disappearing streams.

A) V-shaped valleys – These are typical of river valleys formed by erosion, not karst areas.

B) Sinkholes and disappearing streams – Correct. Sinkholes, caves, and disappearing streams are characteristic features of karst landscapes, formed by the dissolution of limestone.

C) Wide river valleys – These are not typically associated with karst, but rather with river erosion.

D) Glacial moraines – These are features formed by glaciers, not karst topography.


Correct Answer: B) Sinkholes and disappearing streams


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