Some important MCQs Related to Geological works by Glacier With Explanations -3

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29. What is a roche moutonnée?

A) A depositional feature formed by glacial meltwater
B) A glacially eroded rock formation with a smooth, rounded side and a steep, jagged side
C) A sharp ridge formed between two cirques
D) A narrow valley carved by a glacier

Answer: B) A glacially eroded rock formation with a smooth, rounded side and a steep, jagged side
Explanation:
Roche moutonnées are asymmetrical rock formations created by glaciers. The smooth, rounded side is abraded by the glacier, while the steep, jagged side forms from plucking.


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30. Which type of moraine forms along the sides of a glacier?

A) Terminal moraine
B) Lateral moraine
C) Medial moraine
D) Ground moraine

Answer: B) Lateral moraine
Explanation:
Lateral moraines form along the edges of glaciers from debris that falls onto the ice from valley walls or is pushed aside as the glacier moves.


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31. What is a nunatak?

A) A steep mountain peak that protrudes above a glacier or ice sheet
B) A ridge formed by glacial deposits
C) A type of valley glacier
D) A bowl-shaped depression at the glacier's head

Answer: A) A steep mountain peak that protrudes above a glacier or ice sheet
Explanation:
Nunataks are isolated peaks of rock that emerge above the surrounding ice in glaciated regions, serving as refuges for plants and animals.



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32. What is an outwash plain?

A) A flat area formed by glacial meltwater depositing sediments
B) A valley eroded by a glacier
C) A steep, narrow ridge left by glacial erosion
D) A lake formed in front of a glacier

Answer: A) A flat area formed by glacial meltwater depositing sediments
Explanation:
Outwash plains are created when meltwater streams flowing from glaciers deposit stratified sediments like sand and gravel beyond the glacier terminus.


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33. Which glacial feature is formed when three or more cirques erode a mountain peak?

A) Horn
B) Drumlin
C) Esker
D) Arête

Answer: A) Horn
Explanation:
A horn is a sharp, pyramid-shaped mountain peak formed when multiple cirques erode a single mountain from different sides, such as the Matterhorn in the Alps.


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34. What is the primary source of energy driving glacier movement?

A) Wind pressure
B) Gravity
C) Solar radiation
D) Earth's rotation

Answer: B) Gravity
Explanation:
Glaciers move primarily due to gravity, which causes the ice to flow downhill or outward from areas of accumulation.


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35. How do eskers form?

A) By glacial plucking of bedrock
B) By deposition of sediments in subglacial meltwater tunnels
C) By ice pushing debris into ridges at the glacier’s edge
D) By freeze-thaw weathering in glaciated areas

Answer: B) By deposition of sediments in subglacial meltwater tunnels
Explanation:
Eskers are sinuous ridges of sand and gravel deposited by meltwater flowing through tunnels beneath a glacier.


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36. What is basal slip in glaciers?

A) Movement caused by the internal deformation of ice
B) Sliding of the glacier over its bed due to meltwater lubrication
C) The process of plucking bedrock by the glacier
D) Melting of ice at the surface due to sunlight

Answer: B) Sliding of the glacier over its bed due to meltwater lubrication
Explanation:
Basal slip occurs when meltwater at the glacier base reduces friction, allowing the glacier to slide over the underlying rock.


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37. What type of glacier forms when multiple valley glaciers converge at the base of a mountain?

A) Piedmont glacier
B) Ice cap
C) Ice sheet
D) Hanging glacier

Answer: A) Piedmont glacier
Explanation:
Piedmont glaciers form when several valley glaciers spread out and merge at the base of a mountain, creating a broad ice mass.


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38. What is a paternoster lake?

A) A lake formed in a cirque after glacier retreat
B) A chain of small, connected lakes in a glacial valley
C) A proglacial lake formed by a terminal moraine
D) A lake formed in a U-shaped valley

Answer: B) A chain of small, connected lakes in a glacial valley
Explanation:
Paternoster lakes are a series of small, stair-stepped lakes connected by streams, often found in glacial valleys where differential erosion occurs.

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39. How do glacial potholes form?

A) By wind erosion in glaciated areas
B) By swirling meltwater streams drilling into bedrock
C) By deposition of glacial debris in hollows
D) By freezing and thawing cycles creating cracks in bedrock

Answer: B) By swirling meltwater streams drilling into bedrock
Explanation:
Glacial potholes are circular depressions in bedrock formed by the swirling action of meltwater carrying sand and gravel, which act like drills.

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40. What is a kame?

A) A steep-sided hill of sand and gravel deposited by meltwater
B) A long, narrow ridge of sediment formed under a glacier
C) A shallow depression formed by a melting ice block
D) A valley formed by glacial erosion

Answer: A) A steep-sided hill of sand and gravel deposited by meltwater
Explanation:
Kames are irregularly shaped hills of sediment deposited by meltwater in depressions or openings within the ice.



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