Important MCQs related to Geological works by Glacier With Explanations -1

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1. What is a glacier?

A) A large body of water in polar regions
B) A large mass of ice that moves slowly over land
C) A frozen river that flows in mountainous regions
D) A solid ice sheet formed in deserts

Answer: B) A large mass of ice that moves slowly over land
Explanation:
A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that moves under its weight and forms when accumulated snow compresses over time. Glaciers are found in polar regions and high-altitude areas.

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2. Which type of glacier is confined within a valley and flows downhill?

A) Ice sheet
B) Ice cap
C) Piedmont glacier
D) Valley glacier

Answer: D) Valley glacier
Explanation:
Valley glaciers are confined to mountain valleys, often originating from icefields or snowfields, and flow downhill under the influence of gravity.


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3. What is the term for the process by which glaciers erode the underlying rock by dragging rocks and debris?

A) Plucking
B) Abrasion
C) Deflation
D) Attrition

Answer: B) Abrasion
Explanation:
Abrasion occurs when rocks and debris embedded in the glacier's base scrape and grind against the bedrock, causing erosion.

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4. What is the name of the bowl-shaped depression formed at the head of a glacier?

A) Horn
B) Cirque
C) Morraine
D) Esker

Answer: B) Cirque
Explanation:
A cirque is a bowl-shaped depression carved into mountains at the head of a glacier due to ice erosion and freeze-thaw activity.

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5. Which of the following is a depositional feature formed by glaciers?

A) Arête
B) Drumlin
C) Horn
D) Fjord

Answer: B) Drumlin
Explanation:
Drumlins are elongated, teardrop-shaped hills of glacial till deposited beneath a moving glacier, often indicating the direction of glacial flow.

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6. What causes crevasses to form in a glacier?

A) Ice melting rapidly due to temperature increase
B) Ice deformation and differential movement
C) Accumulation of snow at the glacier head
D) Formation of moraines

Answer: B) Ice deformation and differential movement
Explanation:
Crevasses form due to stress in the ice when it moves over uneven terrain or experiences differential flow rates, causing the brittle upper layers to fracture.


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7. What is a terminal moraine?

A) The eroded material carried by a glacier
B) A ridge of debris deposited at the glacier’s maximum advance
C) A deposit of fine silt carried by meltwater
D) A steep-sided, narrow ridge formed by glacier erosion

Answer: B) A ridge of debris deposited at the glacier’s maximum advance
Explanation:
A terminal moraine marks the furthest advance of a glacier and consists of debris pushed and deposited by the glacier at its terminus.

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8. Which of the following is NOT associated with glacial erosion?

A) Roche moutonnée
B) Fjord
C) Esker
D) U-shaped valley

Answer: C) Esker
Explanation:
Esker is a depositional feature formed by glacial meltwater streams, whereas the others result from glacial erosion.


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9. What is the primary cause of glacier retreat?

A) Erosion of the glacier by wind
B) Increased snowfall at higher elevations
C) Melting of ice due to rising temperatures
D) Accumulation of moraine material

Answer: C) Melting of ice due to rising temperatures
Explanation:
Glacier retreat occurs when the rate of ice melting exceeds the rate of accumulation, often due to climate change and rising global temperatures.

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10. Which of the following is an erosional landform created by glaciers?

A) Hanging valley
B) Drumlin
C) Kame
D) Outwash plain

Answer: A) Hanging valley
Explanation:
A hanging valley is formed when a smaller glacier joins a larger one, eroding less deeply, leaving a valley suspended above the main glacial trough.

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11. What are fjords, and how are they formed?

A) Glacial valleys filled with seawater
B) Narrow mountain ridges
C) Circular depressions in glacier beds
D) Elongated hills formed by ice deposition

Answer: A) Glacial valleys filled with seawater
Explanation:
Fjords are U-shaped valleys carved by glaciers that are later inundated by rising sea levels, creating deep, narrow inlets.


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12. What is a medial moraine?

A) A ridge of debris at the glacier’s edge
B) A ridge formed where two glaciers meet
C) Debris deposited at the glacier's base
D) A ridge marking the furthest glacier advance

Answer: B) A ridge formed where two glaciers meet
Explanation:
Medial moraines form when two glaciers converge, and their lateral moraines join to create a ridge of debris down the center of the combined glacier.

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13. What type of glacier covers vast continental areas, such as those in Antarctica and Greenland?

A) Piedmont glacier
B) Ice sheet
C) Valley glacier
D) Icefall

Answer: B) Ice sheet
Explanation:
Ice sheets are massive glaciers covering large continental areas, like Antarctica and Greenland, and contain most of the world's freshwater ice.


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14. What is the main material found in glacial till?

A) Well-sorted sand and gravel
B) Unsorted rock debris of various sizes
C) Organic-rich soil
D) Silty clay

Answer: B) Unsorted rock debris of various sizes
Explanation:
Glacial till is an unsorted mixture of rocks, sand, silt, and clay deposited directly by glacier ice without being reworked by water.


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15. Which of the following terms refers to the process of a glacier pulling rocks from the bedrock?

A) Abrasion
B) Plucking
C) Deflation
D) Saltation

Answer: B) Plucking
Explanation:
Plucking occurs when a glacier freezes onto bedrock, and as it moves, it pulls away chunks of rock, contributing to glacial erosion.

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