Topography

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Topography

The term derived from the Greek word topos  means places and graphia means writing.
Thus topography means writing/describing about places/surface features.
Topography is the study of surface features developed by various natural agencies like river, wind, glacier, sea and underground water movement. Topographical features include rivers, mountains, ponds, oceans, vegetation, slope (contour) and various man made features.
It is often considered to include the graphic representation of the land forms on a map.
Objective of topography is to determine the position in terms of latitude, longitude and altitude for variety of purposes like Geological exploration, military planning, land survey, civil engineering works. These are plotted on topographical maps (toposheets) which are 2D maps representing 3D land surfaces. Relief features (basin, valley, mountain), shapes and arrangement high and low lands, linear features evidences for natural agents and processes of erosion and for stage development in erosion cycle.

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