Skip to main content

Geology and its branches

Geology-
Geology is a branch of science which is dealing with the study of the earth. It includes origin, composition, structure, past history of the earth.

Branches of Geology -

1. Physical Geology
2. Mineralogy
   a. Descriptive Mineralogy
   b. Optical Mineralogy
   c. Crystallography
3. Petrology
4. Structural Geology
5. Stratigraphy
6. Paleontology
7. Economic Geology
8. Engineering Geology
9. Hydrogeology
10. Environmental Geology
11. Remote sensing 


Physical Geology-
It is the study of physical processes ( endogenic and exogenic processes) responsible for the formation of the earth. 
Endogenic processes include plate tectonics, earthquake, volconoes etc.
Exogenic processes include weathering of rocks, erosion, transportation, deposition by different natural agencies like river, wind, glacier, sea waves etc.

Mineralogy
It is a branch of geology deals with the study of minerals.
What is Mineral
Mineral is naturally occurring homogeneous inorganic material having fixed chemical composition and atomic structure and formed due to various inorganic processes of the earth.

Descriptive Mineralogy
Here we study the physical properties, composition, mode of occurrence, usage etc. of the minerals.

Optical Mineralogy
Here we study the minerals under pertological microscope.

Crystallography
In this branch we study mineral as a crystal. 

Crystal
Having fixed faces, edges and angles.

Petrology
It is a branch of geology which deals with the study of rocks. Origin, composition, forms, texture, classification of rocks. There are mainly three types of rocks like igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

What is rock
It is aggregate of minerals.

Structural Geology
It deals with the study of different structures formed in rocks due to various technic activities. These are folds, faults, joints, unconformities, stress, strain etc.

Stratigraphy
In this branch of geology we study the past history of the rocks on the basis of certain facts present in the rocks.

Paleontology
Here we study the fossils preserved in rocks. Its preservation and different types of animals and plants which are preserved as fossils.

What is fossil
Fossil is the remainanc of plants and animals preserved in rocks in geological past.

Economic Geology
It is a branch of geology deals with the study of the minerals in economic points of view. In this branch we study different processes for the formation of economic mineral deposits, its distribution, mode of occurrence, usage and extraction.

Engineering Geology
It deals with the study of selection of sites for different engineer projects like roads, bridges, tunnels etc.

Hydrogeology
It deals with the study of different geological aspects related to underground water. Like water table, porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic coefficient etc. of rocks.

Environmental Geology
Here we study the environment in relation to geology. Also preservation, conservation of environment.

Remote sensing
As the name implies remote sensing is the getting information without coming in contact with the object. Here we getting information of the earth and different planets with the help of satellites.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Minerals : Classification and Physical properties

Mineral is a naturally occurring, homogeneous inorganic compound having fixed chemical composition and atomic structure formed due to inorganic processes of the Earth. Classification of Rock forming Minerals These are mainly of two types I Silicates Silicates again subdivided into 1. Ferromagnesian minerals i)  Olivine group of minerals ii) Pyroxene group of minerals iii) Amphibole group of minerals iv) Biotite 2. Non Ferromagnesian minerals i)  Feldspar group of minerals ii) Quartz group of minerals iii) Muscovite II Non Silicates Oxides Sulphides Sulphates Carbonates Physical Properties of Minerals Minerals are identified on the basis of following physical properties 1. Colour 2. Streak 3. Lustre 4. Fracture 5. Cleavage 6. Hardness 7. Specific Gravity 8. Form and structure  1. Colour The colour of a mineral depends on the absorption of some and reflectance of other of the coloured rays which constitute the white light. 2. Streak Streak of a miner...
Post a Comment
Read more

Sources of Energy - Primary and Secondary

Primary Energy The source of energy which does not require any transformation before the use is called primary energy. They are directly used as they available in nature. E.g. sun, river water, mountain lakes, wind, coal, crude oil, natural gas, wood, uranium, geothermal heat etc.  Secondary Energy The source which requires transformation before the use is called secondary energy. E.g. Petrol, diesel, kerosene, charcoal, electricity etc. The petrol, diesel and kerosene are derived from the petroleum (crude oil), charcoal derived from the wood, electricity derived from the water, wind, coal and also from the sun.
Post a Comment
Read more

Renewable and Non Renewable Energy

There are mainly two types of energy 1. Renewable Energy 2. Non Renewable Energy 1. Renewable Energy It includes solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, biomass etc. These are also called clean energy. The renewable energy resources are displacing fossil fuels in the power sector also offering the benefits of low carbon emissions and other types of pollution. The renewable energy comes from natural sources that can be replenished. For example sun and wind keep shining and blowing, even if their availability depends on time and weather.  Renewable energy is even thought of the new technology, harnessing nature's power has long been used for heating, transportation, lighting and more. Wind energy is made when wind moves the blade on a wind tarbine. This movement creates wind energy which which is converted into electricity. The sun is providing light and warmth which can be converted into solar energy.  Types of Renewable energy A) Solar energy Sun is a powerful source ...
Post a Comment
Read more